Vegetation includes all plants of an area. All plants growing in terrestrial as well as aquatic ecosystems are considered in this. Vegetation is made by small groups of population which ultimately form community. Environmental components like light, water and temperature affect the functions of the plant which is reflected on the population. Therefore, the study of vegetation together with environmental factor becomes complicated. Organisms and environment affect each other. This continues till the environment and the organisms balance each other. Study of complete vegetation of an area is difficult, therefore, it has been divided into small sampling units. These units are representatives of the vegetation of that area.

• To   determine   minimum   size  of  quadrat for the  study of grassland vegetation.
• To  determine  minimum  number  of quadrats to study the grassland vegetation.
• To   determine    frequency    of    plant    species   and   its comparison with Raunkiaer's standard frequency diagram.
• To determine density and abundance of plant species.
• To  determine  canopy  cover  and  basal area of grassland species.
• To determine basal area of woody species.
• To  determine  the  Importance  Value  Index  (  IVI  )  of grassland species.
• To prepare the biological spectrum of the botanical garden using Raunkiaer's life form classification. 
• To study stratification and profile diagram in a grassland.
• To  study  indices  of  similarity   and   dissimilarity  in  a community.
• To study index of dominance
• To study index  of diversity.
• To  study  methods  of  measuring  primary  productivity in different ecosystems

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Last modified: May 12, 2000